【魏光奇】重構儒家：中國近代文明精英一包養經驗的一種盡力

        Jesus February 9, 2017

The 19th Century Middle-Year and West Wind, a male actor of similar age. The other three are middle-aged men. The country is facing a “large change that has not been seen in thousands of years” and embarks on the road to modern social transformation. In this process, advanced Chinese people gradually formed a common understanding that China’s traditional thinking civilization could not adapt to this historical change intact, so it clarified the future problems of China’s culture 大利彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩�We conducted a profound exploration and proposed various critical and constructive plans. Since Confucianism occupies a leading position in Chinese traditional civilization, how to treat the value and limitations of Confucianism and whether Confucianism can adapt (and how) to the tide of modern society and keep pace with the times has become an unavoidable problem in the exploration of the future of Chinese civilization. Regarding the exploration of this problem by modern civilization elites, what people are more familiar with is the ideological initiative of the “New Youth” contributors during the May Fourth New Civilization Movement and the contemporary “New Confucian” group. But in fact, in addition to these two civilized thoughts, civilized elites in the late Qing Dynasty and the civilized period also put forward many other systematic thinking initiatives on this, and people have not given enough attention to this. This article will give a brief review of this problem.

In modern times, people’s criticism of Confucianism is three important points (referring to the historical and philosophical criticism of the pre-Qin Confucianism as the “representative of slave-themed thinking”): First, as the “Xunxue” of Confucianism, a school of Confucianism, was dedicated to the monarch. The most representative of service is like the saying of Zhuo Sitong: “The government over the past 2,000 years is the government over the past 2,000 years is the government over the past 2,000 years is the government over the past 2,000 years is the government over the country. However, the government is the government over the past 2,000 years is the government. Only the government is willing to use it, but the government is willing to be charming and charming. The two are mutually rewarded and entrusted to Confucius.” [1] Second, criticizing the Song and Ming dynasties and the Ming Dynasty’s practical application of the world, the most representative of the opinion is Kang Youwei: Song and “song “only say that Confucius cultivates his own learning, but not Confucius’ learning to save the world”Brand the webmaster[2]. In addition, Xiong Shili also criticized that theory “when thinking about the end of his work, his energy and thoughts are always in low-cost and sweet skills, and the approachable arts of the people may not be explored in depth.” “The contemporary era is becoming more and more urgent, and social and political problems are becoming increasingly complex and urgent.” Students must assume social responsibility and “being selfless and selfless is worthy of worries” [3]. Third, criticizing Confucianism is a patriarchal, old-fashioned, and contradicting the modern goal. It eliminates personality, esteems the superiors and lows, and kills people with “giving education”. The May Fourth New Civilization Movement proposed the verb of “defeating the Kongjiazhang” which is a concentrated expression of this view, and is familiar with this person. I will not remark it here. In addition to the above three points, modern elites also put forward several other criticisms on Confucianism and Confucianism.

First, criticizing Confucianism and science has led to China’s utilitarianism and materialism. While people value criticism and treatment, they can easily appreciate the practicality of the world and deny rational personal value, some of the modern civilized elites have explored another side of this problem, that is, Confucianism must be responsible for the utilitarianism and materialism trends in Chinese traditional society. As Zhang Taiyan believes, a shortcoming of Confucianism is “taking wealth and profit as the heart”, that is, it is too much to pay attention to secular utilitarianism.He said that Confucius himself attacked the Shiqian clan system, “and his teachings were born, but he wanted to become a talented official, and he could be in charge of politics.” Confucius clearly proposed to the practice of the foreigners to avoid the world, “not being loyal to officials”; Confucian scholars “work hard and keep their bodies alive” means to spend a lot of learning and waiting for the price to be sold, and to prepare for politics at any time, saying, “If you don’t sell, my way will be ruined” [4]. Zhang Taiyan’s criticism is reasonable, because Confucianism advocated Zhang to the world. Under this statutory flag, those with high standards seek social service, while those with low standards seek personal benefits and advance money. This is certain. Zhang Taiyan believes that this utilitarianism of Confucianism will lead to its other shortcomings, which is that it cannot be as good as “spiritual” in terms of moral problems. He said that Confucius said, “Everything can be achieved” and “it can be established, but it cannot be controlled by authority”, and “correct people and the time is in the right time”, Mencius said, “When a sage is at the right time”, and Xunzi said, “When a man is correct, he is in the right time, he is in the right time, and he is stretched and stretched.” From these words, we can understand that “Confucius’s teachings only change according to things at random, so it is said that ‘Words do not require faith, and actions do not require results’.” Zhang Taiyan believes that this 彩彩彩彩彩彩彩 regards “change due to time” and “delivery time” as the first principle too casual. The result is “the morality does not need to be true, and the fantasy does not need to be true, but it is only for the sake of convenience in doing things.” It is precisely because of this that those who believe in Confucian virtues, “those who are extremely bitter and magnanimous are absolutely useless, and those who do not pursue the competition are all.” Chinese people say that “there are thousands of millets in books.” This utilitarianism is “the disadvantage that Confucianism must reach” and “is everywhere” among various systems. He believed that Confucianism once had great contributions to Chinese society and civilization, but later this influence was only “hot competition” [5]. Teacher Yin Guang also criticized Confucian scholars for their high fame and fortune, and did not pay attention to the reality of great significance. He said that Confucianism has a good content, but Confucians often do